Escenario de OSPF para CCNA2 con Packet Tracer multiusuario

 

Clase: CCNA2 Fecha: 15 de Noviembre del 2012 Instructor: Ernesto Vilarrasa

 

Realizamos un escenario para poder analizar una tabla de enrutamiento de gran tamaño para las acostumbradas a las clases de CCNA 2 y 4,

para ello combinamos varios escenarios de alumnos con uno de backbone en la PC del instructor.

 

Escenarios disponibles en ftp.vilarrasa.com.ar user y pass: ccna (escenario ospf multiuser backbone.pkt y escenario ospf multiuser sucursal.pkt)

 

Escenario de los alumnos: cada uno respetaba un plan de direccionamiento IP para no solapar redes, ya que se interconectarán entre si.

 

 

Conexiones al escenario de backbone (en PC de cada alumno):

 

 

Escenario de backbone (en PC del instructor):

 

 

Resultado de la tabla de enrutamiento del backbone:

 

Gateway>sh ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

       P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is 200.0.0.1 to network 0.0.0.0

 

     10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 43 subnets, 3 masks

C       10.0.0.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 (red backbone)

O       10.2.0.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.2, 00:01:03, FastEthernet0/0 (redes de Hernán Mattei)

O       10.2.1.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.2, 00:01:03, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.2.2.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.2, 00:01:03, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.2.3.0/30 [110/66] via 10.0.0.2, 00:01:03, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.2.4.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.2, 00:01:03, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.2.6.0/24 [110/67] via 10.0.0.2, 00:01:03, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.2.10.0/29 [110/2] via 10.0.0.2, 00:01:03, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.3.0.0/29 [110/2] via 10.0.0.3, 00:17:21, FastEthernet0/0  (redes de Mariano Andrés)

O       10.3.0.8/30 [110/66] via 10.0.0.3, 00:17:21, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.3.1.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.3, 00:17:21, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.3.2.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.3, 00:17:21, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.3.3.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.3, 00:17:21, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.3.5.0/24 [110/67] via 10.0.0.3, 00:17:21, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.3.6.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.3, 00:17:21, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.4.1.0/29 [110/2] via 10.0.0.4, 00:12:34, FastEthernet0/0  (redes de Nicolás Marelli)

O       10.4.2.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.4, 00:12:34, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.4.3.0/30 [110/197] via 10.0.0.4, 00:12:34, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.4.4.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.4, 00:12:34, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.4.5.0/24 [110/198] via 10.0.0.4, 00:12:34, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.4.6.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.4, 00:12:34, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.4.7.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.4, 00:12:34, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.5.1.0/29 [110/2] via 10.0.0.5, 00:11:53, FastEthernet0/0  (redes de Diego Ortolano)

O       10.5.2.0/30 [110/66] via 10.0.0.5, 00:11:53, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.5.3.0/24 [110/67] via 10.0.0.5, 00:11:53, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.5.4.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.5, 00:11:53, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.5.6.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.5, 00:11:53, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.5.7.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.5, 00:11:53, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.5.8.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.5, 00:11:53, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.6.0.0/29 [110/2] via 10.0.0.6, 00:07:20, FastEthernet0/0 (redes de Alejandro Purrello)

O       10.6.1.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.6, 00:07:20, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.6.2.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.6, 00:07:20, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.6.3.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.6, 00:07:20, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.6.4.0/30 [110/66] via 10.0.0.6, 00:07:20, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.6.5.0/24 [110/67] via 10.0.0.6, 00:07:20, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.6.6.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.6, 00:07:10, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.254.0.0/29 [110/2] via 10.0.0.254, 00:15:14, FastEthernet0/0 (redes de Ernesto Vilarrasa)

O       10.254.2.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.254, 00:15:14, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.254.3.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.254, 00:15:14, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.254.4.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.254, 00:15:14, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.254.5.0/24 [110/66] via 10.0.0.254, 00:15:14, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.254.6.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.254, 00:15:14, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.254.7.0/24 [110/67] via 10.0.0.254, 00:15:14, FastEthernet0/0

     200.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       200.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 200.0.0.1 (red por defecto)

 

Gateway> sh ip prot (verificamos OSPF)

 

Routing Protocol is "ospf 1"

  Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set

  Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set

  Router ID 200.0.0.2

  It is an autonomous system boundary router

  Redistributing External Routes from,

  Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa

  Maximum path: 4

  Routing for Networks:

    10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

  Routing Information Sources: 

    Gateway         Distance      Last Update (vemos todos los routers en la red)

    10.2.6.1             110      00:17:57

    10.2.10.1            110      00:01:24

    10.2.10.2            110      00:23:40

    10.2.10.3            110      00:23:40

    10.2.10.4            110      00:23:40

    10.2.10.5            110      00:23:39

    10.2.10.6            110      00:23:40

    10.3.0.1             110      00:17:30

    10.3.1.1             110      00:25:30

    10.3.2.1             110      00:25:30

    10.3.3.1             110      00:25:30

    10.3.4.1             110      00:25:30

    10.3.5.1             110      00:23:28

    10.3.6.1             110      00:25:30

    10.4.1.1             110      00:12:47

    10.4.2.1             110      00:07:22

    10.4.3.1             110      00:07:22

    10.4.4.1             110      00:07:22

    10.4.5.1             110      00:21:27

    10.4.6.1             110      00:07:22

    10.5.1.5             110      00:12:06

    10.5.2.2             110      00:25:02

    10.5.3.1             110      00:25:36

    10.5.4.1             110      00:25:02

    10.5.6.1             110      00:25:02

    10.5.7.1             110      00:25:03

    10.5.8.1             110      00:25:02

    10.6.0.5             110      00:07:42

    10.6.1.1             110      00:07:42

    10.6.2.1             110      00:07:42

    10.6.3.1             110      00:07:42

    10.6.4.1             110      00:07:42

    10.6.5.1             110      00:08:16

    10.6.6.1             110      00:07:37

    10.254.0.1           110      00:58:07

    10.254.0.5           110      00:58:02

    10.254.1.1           110      00:21:28

    10.254.3.1           110      00:21:29

    10.254.4.1           110      00:21:30

    10.254.5.1           110      00:21:28

    10.254.6.1           110      00:21:29

    10.254.7.1           110      00:25:24

    200.0.0.1            110      00:07:23

    200.0.0.2            110      00:17:31

    223.255.255.254      110      00:15:25

  Distance: (default is 110)

 

Gateway> sh ip ospf nei (vecinos del backbone)

 

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface

223.255.255.254   1   FULL/DROTHER    00:00:30    10.0.0.254      FastEthernet0/0

10.3.0.1          1   FULL/BDR        00:00:38    10.0.0.3        FastEthernet0/0

10.4.1.1          1   FULL/DROTHER    00:00:36    10.0.0.4        FastEthernet0/0

10.5.1.5          1   FULL/DROTHER    00:00:09    10.0.0.5        FastEthernet0/0

10.6.0.5          1   FULL/DROTHER    00:00:36    10.0.0.6        FastEthernet0/0

10.2.10.1         1   FULL/DROTHER    00:00:35    10.0.0.2        FastEthernet0/0

10.8.6.1          1   EXSTART/DROTHER 00:00:38    10.0.0.8        FastEthernet0/0

 

Gateway>

 

Borde>sh ip route (desde una sucursal)

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

       P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is 10.0.0.1 to network 0.0.0.0 (ruta redistribuida vía OSPF)

 

     10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 8 subnets, 2 masks

C       10.0.0.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 (red backbone)

----el resto está omitido---

C       10.254.0.0/29 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 (red de core interna)

O       10.254.2.0/24 [110/2] via 10.254.0.2, 00:09:01, FastEthernet0/0 (nodos internos)

O       10.254.3.0/24 [110/2] via 10.254.0.3, 00:09:01, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.254.4.0/24 [110/2] via 10.254.0.4, 00:09:01, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.254.5.0/24 [110/65] via 10.254.0.5, 00:09:01, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.254.6.0/24 [110/2] via 10.254.0.6, 00:09:01, FastEthernet0/0

O       10.254.7.0/24 [110/66] via 10.254.0.5, 00:09:01, FastEthernet0/0

O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 10.0.0.1, 00:09:30, FastEthernet0/1 (ruta por defecto, ver O*E2 y métrica 1)

Borde>

 

Ejemplo para reducir la tabla de enrutamiento (no soportado en Packet Tracer con OSPF)

 

Por defecto OSPF no sumariza, con este comando se fuerza a una sumarización manual.

 

Borde(config)#router ospf 1

Borde(config-router)#summary-address 10.254.0.0 255.255.0.0 (ejemplo para este nodo)

Borde(config-router)#end

Borde#

 

Gateway>sh ip route (verificación)

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

       P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is 200.0.0.1 to network 0.0.0.0

 

     10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 43 subnets, 3 masks

C       10.0.0.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 (red backbone)

O       10.2.0.0/16 [110/2] via 10.0.0.2, 00:01:03, FastEthernet0/0 (redes de Hernán Mattei)

O       10.3.0.0/16 [110/2] via 10.0.0.3, 00:17:21, FastEthernet0/0  (redes de Mariano Andrés)

O       10.4.1.0/16 [110/2] via 10.0.0.4, 00:12:34, FastEthernet0/0  (redes de Nicolás Marelli)

O       10.5.1.0/16 [110/2] via 10.0.0.5, 00:11:53, FastEthernet0/0  (redes de Diego Ortolano)

O       10.6.0.0/16 [110/2] via 10.0.0.6, 00:07:20, FastEthernet0/0 (redes de Alejandro Purrello)

O       10.254.0.0/16 [110/2] via 10.0.0.254, 00:15:14, FastEthernet0/0 (redes de Ernesto Vilarrasa)

     200.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       200.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 200.0.0.1 (red por defecto)

 

Configuración del router de backbone:

 

Gateway#sh runn

Building configuration...

 

Current configuration : 741 bytes

!

version 12.4

!

hostname Gateway

!

enable secret 5 $1$mERr$9cTjUIEqNGurQiFU.ZeCi1 (class)

!

interface FastEthernet0/0

 ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0

!

interface FastEthernet0/1

 ip address 200.0.0.2 255.255.255.252

!

router ospf 1

 log-adjacency-changes

 network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 (red backbone)

 default-information originate (publica ruta por defecto)

!

ip classless

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 200.0.0.1 (ruta por defecto)

!

line vty 0 4

 password cisco

 login

line vty 5 15 (permite mas de 10 conexiones Telnet extra)

 password cisco

 login

!

end

 

Gateway#

 

Configuración del router de borde de la red 10.254.x.x:

 

Borde#sh runn

 

Building configuration...

 

!

hostname Borde

!

interface FastEthernet0/0

 ip address 10.254.0.1 255.255.255.248

!

interface FastEthernet0/1

 ip address 10.0.0.254 255.255.255.0

!

router ospf 1

 log-adjacency-changes

 network 10.254.0.0 0.0.0.7 area 0 (red de core del nodo 254)

 network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 (red backbone)

!

ip classless

!

end

 

Borde#

 

Configuración de los otros routers de la red 10.254.x.x:

 

Router1#sh runn

Building configuration...

 

Current configuration : 612 bytes

!

version 12.4

!

hostname Router1

!

!

interface FastEthernet0/0

 ip address 10.254.0.2 255.255.255.248

!

interface FastEthernet0/1

 ip address 10.254.2.1 255.255.255.0

!

router ospf 1

 log-adjacency-changes

 network 10.254.0.0 0.0.0.7 area 0

 network 10.254.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

!

ip classless

!

end

 

Router2#sh runn

Building configuration...

 

Current configuration : 612 bytes

!

version 12.4

!

hostname Router2

!

interface FastEthernet0/0

 ip address 10.254.0.3 255.255.255.248

!

interface FastEthernet0/1

 ip address 10.254.3.1 255.255.255.0

!

router ospf 1

 log-adjacency-changes

 network 10.254.0.0 0.0.0.7 area 0

 network 10.254.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

!

ip classless

!

end

 

Router2#

 

Router3#sh runn

Building configuration...

 

Current configuration : 612 bytes

!

version 12.4

!

hostname Router3

!

interface FastEthernet0/0

 ip address 10.254.0.4 255.255.255.248

!

interface FastEthernet0/1

 ip address 10.254.4.1 255.255.255.0

!

router ospf 1

 log-adjacency-changes

 network 10.254.0.0 0.0.0.7 area 0

 network 10.254.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

!

ip classless

!

end

 

Router3#

 

Router4#sh runn

Building configuration...

 

Current configuration : 710 bytes

!

version 12.4

!

hostname Router4

!

interface FastEthernet0/0

 ip address 10.254.0.5 255.255.255.248

!

interface Serial0/0/0

 ip address 10.254.5.1 255.255.255.0

!

router ospf 1

 log-adjacency-changes

 network 10.254.0.0 0.0.0.7 area 0

 network 10.254.5.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

!

ip classless

!

end

 

Router4#sh ip ospf neighbor (este router es BDR ya que es 10.254.5.1 (2da IP mas alta))

 

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface

10.254.0.1        1   FULL/DROTHER    00:00:32    10.254.0.1      FastEthernet0/0

10.254.6.1        1   FULL/DR         00:00:32    10.254.0.6      FastEthernet0/0 (IP mas alta)

10.254.2.1        1   FULL/DROTHER    00:00:32    10.254.0.2      FastEthernet0/0

10.254.3.1        1   FULL/DROTHER    00:00:32    10.254.0.3      FastEthernet0/0

10.254.4.1        1   FULL/DROTHER    00:00:32    10.254.0.4      FastEthernet0/0

10.254.7.1        0   FULL/  -        00:00:32    10.254.5.2      Serial0/0/0 (no hay DR ni BDR al ser serie)

Router4#

 

Router5#sh runn

Building configuration...

 

Current configuration : 832 bytes

!

version 12.4

!

hostname Router5

!

interface FastEthernet0/1

 ip address 10.254.7.1 255.255.255.0

!

interface Serial0/0/0

 ip address 10.254.5.2 255.255.255.0

 clock rate 2000000

!

router ospf 1

 log-adjacency-changes

 network 10.254.7.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

 network 10.254.5.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

!

ip classless

!

end

 

Router5#sh ip ospf nei

 

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface

10.254.5.1        0   FULL/  -        00:00:33    10.254.5.1      Serial0/0/0 (vía Serial, no hay DR ni BDR)

Router5#

 

Router6#sh runn

Building configuration...

 

Current configuration : 612 bytes

!

version 12.4

!

hostname Router6

!

interface FastEthernet0/0

 ip address 10.254.0.6 255.255.255.248

!

interface FastEthernet0/1

 ip address 10.254.6.1 255.255.255.0

!

router ospf 1

 log-adjacency-changes

 network 10.254.0.0 0.0.0.7 area 0

 network 10.254.6.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

!

ip classless

!

end

 

Router6#

 

Bug del Packet Tracer ? encontrado por Alejandro Purrello:

 

PC>ipconfig

 

IP Address......................: 10.6.1.2

Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0

Default Gateway.................: 10.6.0.1 (está en otra red, por lo tanto esta IP se alcanzaría a través de

                                            un default gateway....no ? es contradictorio)

PC>ping 10.6.3.2 (ping hacia fuera de la red)

 

Pinging 10.6.3.2 with 32 bytes of data:

 

Reply from 10.6.3.2: bytes=32 time=125ms TTL=126 (llega !!!!)

Reply from 10.6.3.2: bytes=32 time=125ms TTL=126

Reply from 10.6.3.2: bytes=32 time=94ms TTL=126

Reply from 10.6.3.2: bytes=32 time=125ms TTL=126

 

Ping statistics for 10.6.3.2:

    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

    Minimum = 94ms, Maximum = 125ms, Average = 117ms

 

PC>

 

(2012) Networking wants kill your brain

Rosario, Argentina