Escenario de OSPF para CCNA2
con Packet Tracer multiusuario
Clase: CCNA2 Fecha: 15 de Noviembre del 2012 Instructor:
Ernesto Vilarrasa
Realizamos un escenario para poder analizar una tabla
de enrutamiento de gran tamaño para las acostumbradas a las clases de CCNA 2 y
4,
para ello combinamos varios escenarios de alumnos
con uno de backbone en la PC del instructor.
Escenarios disponibles en ftp.vilarrasa.com.ar user
y pass: ccna (escenario ospf multiuser backbone.pkt y escenario ospf
multiuser sucursal.pkt)
Escenario de los alumnos: cada uno respetaba un plan
de direccionamiento IP para no solapar redes, ya que se interconectarán entre
si.
Conexiones al escenario de backbone (en PC de cada
alumno):
Escenario de backbone (en PC del instructor):
Resultado de la tabla de enrutamiento del backbone:
Gateway>sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S -
static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter
area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type
2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E -
EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia -
IS-IS inter area
* - candidate
default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is
200.0.0.1 to network 0.0.0.0
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 43 subnets, 3 masks
C 10.0.0.0/24 is directly connected,
FastEthernet0/0 (red backbone)
O 10.2.0.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.2,
00:01:03, FastEthernet0/0 (redes de Hernán Mattei)
O 10.2.1.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.2,
00:01:03, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.2.2.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.2,
00:01:03, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.2.3.0/30 [110/66] via 10.0.0.2,
00:01:03, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.2.4.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.2,
00:01:03, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.2.6.0/24 [110/67] via 10.0.0.2,
00:01:03, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.2.10.0/29 [110/2] via 10.0.0.2,
00:01:03, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.3.0.0/29 [110/2] via 10.0.0.3,
00:17:21, FastEthernet0/0 (redes de Mariano Andrés)
O 10.3.0.8/30 [110/66] via 10.0.0.3,
00:17:21, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.3.1.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.3,
00:17:21, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.3.2.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.3,
00:17:21, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.3.3.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.3,
00:17:21, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.3.5.0/24 [110/67] via 10.0.0.3,
00:17:21, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.3.6.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.3,
00:17:21, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.4.1.0/29 [110/2] via 10.0.0.4,
00:12:34, FastEthernet0/0 (redes de Nicolás Marelli)
O 10.4.2.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.4,
00:12:34, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.4.3.0/30 [110/197] via 10.0.0.4,
00:12:34, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.4.4.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.4,
00:12:34, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.4.5.0/24 [110/198] via 10.0.0.4,
00:12:34, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.4.6.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.4,
00:12:34, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.4.7.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.4,
00:12:34, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.5.1.0/29 [110/2] via 10.0.0.5,
00:11:53, FastEthernet0/0 (redes de Diego Ortolano)
O 10.5.2.0/30 [110/66] via 10.0.0.5,
00:11:53, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.5.3.0/24 [110/67] via 10.0.0.5, 00:11:53,
FastEthernet0/0
O 10.5.4.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.5,
00:11:53, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.5.6.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.5,
00:11:53, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.5.7.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.5,
00:11:53, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.5.8.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.5,
00:11:53, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.6.0.0/29 [110/2] via 10.0.0.6,
00:07:20, FastEthernet0/0 (redes de Alejandro
Purrello)
O 10.6.1.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.6,
00:07:20, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.6.2.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.6,
00:07:20, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.6.3.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.6,
00:07:20, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.6.4.0/30 [110/66] via 10.0.0.6,
00:07:20, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.6.5.0/24 [110/67] via 10.0.0.6,
00:07:20, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.6.6.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.6,
00:07:10, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.254.0.0/29 [110/2] via 10.0.0.254,
00:15:14, FastEthernet0/0 (redes de Ernesto
Vilarrasa)
O 10.254.2.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.254,
00:15:14, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.254.3.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.254,
00:15:14, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.254.4.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.254,
00:15:14, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.254.5.0/24 [110/66] via 10.0.0.254,
00:15:14, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.254.6.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.254,
00:15:14, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.254.7.0/24 [110/67] via 10.0.0.254,
00:15:14, FastEthernet0/0
200.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 200.0.0.0 is directly connected,
FastEthernet0/1
S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 200.0.0.1 (red por defecto)
Gateway> sh ip prot (verificamos OSPF)
Routing Protocol is
"ospf 1"
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Router ID 200.0.0.2
It is an autonomous system boundary router
Redistributing External Routes from,
Number of areas in this
router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway
Distance Last Update (vemos todos los routers en la red)
10.2.6.1
110 00:17:57
10.2.10.1
110 00:01:24
10.2.10.2
110 00:23:40
10.2.10.3
110 00:23:40
10.2.10.4
110 00:23:40
10.2.10.5
110 00:23:39
10.2.10.6
110 00:23:40
10.3.0.1
110 00:17:30
10.3.1.1
110 00:25:30
10.3.2.1
110 00:25:30
10.3.3.1
110 00:25:30
10.3.4.1
110 00:25:30
10.3.5.1
110 00:23:28
10.3.6.1
110 00:25:30
10.4.1.1
110 00:12:47
10.4.2.1
110 00:07:22
10.4.3.1
110 00:07:22
10.4.4.1
110 00:07:22
10.4.5.1 110 00:21:27
10.4.6.1
110 00:07:22
10.5.1.5
110 00:12:06
10.5.2.2
110 00:25:02
10.5.3.1
110 00:25:36
10.5.4.1
110 00:25:02
10.5.6.1
110 00:25:02
10.5.7.1
110 00:25:03
10.5.8.1
110 00:25:02
10.6.0.5
110 00:07:42
10.6.1.1
110 00:07:42
10.6.2.1
110 00:07:42
10.6.3.1
110 00:07:42
10.6.4.1
110 00:07:42
10.6.5.1
110 00:08:16
10.6.6.1
110 00:07:37
10.254.0.1
110 00:58:07
10.254.0.5
110 00:58:02
10.254.1.1
110 00:21:28
10.254.3.1
110 00:21:29
10.254.4.1
110 00:21:30
10.254.5.1
110 00:21:28
10.254.6.1
110 00:21:29
10.254.7.1
110 00:25:24
200.0.0.1
110 00:07:23
200.0.0.2
110 00:17:31
223.255.255.254
110 00:15:25
Distance: (default is 110)
Gateway> sh ip ospf
nei (vecinos del backbone)
Neighbor ID Pri
State Dead Time Address Interface
223.255.255.254 1
FULL/DROTHER 00:00:30 10.0.0.254 FastEthernet0/0
10.3.0.1 1
FULL/BDR 00:00:38 10.0.0.3 FastEthernet0/0
10.4.1.1 1
FULL/DROTHER 00:00:36 10.0.0.4 FastEthernet0/0
10.5.1.5 1
FULL/DROTHER 00:00:09 10.0.0.5 FastEthernet0/0
10.6.0.5 1
FULL/DROTHER 00:00:36 10.0.0.6 FastEthernet0/0
10.2.10.1 1
FULL/DROTHER 00:00:35 10.0.0.2 FastEthernet0/0
10.8.6.1 1
EXSTART/DROTHER 00:00:38
10.0.0.8 FastEthernet0/0
Gateway>
Borde>sh ip route (desde una sucursal)
Codes: C - connected, S -
static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter
area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type
2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2,
E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia -
IS-IS inter area
* - candidate
default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is
10.0.0.1 to network 0.0.0.0 (ruta redistribuida vía
OSPF)
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 8 subnets, 2 masks
C 10.0.0.0/24 is directly connected,
FastEthernet0/1 (red backbone)
----el resto está
omitido---
C 10.254.0.0/29 is directly connected,
FastEthernet0/0 (red de core interna)
O 10.254.2.0/24 [110/2] via 10.254.0.2,
00:09:01, FastEthernet0/0 (nodos internos)
O 10.254.3.0/24 [110/2] via 10.254.0.3,
00:09:01, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.254.4.0/24 [110/2] via 10.254.0.4,
00:09:01, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.254.5.0/24 [110/65] via 10.254.0.5,
00:09:01, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.254.6.0/24 [110/2] via 10.254.0.6,
00:09:01, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.254.7.0/24 [110/66] via 10.254.0.5,
00:09:01, FastEthernet0/0
O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via
10.0.0.1, 00:09:30, FastEthernet0/1 (ruta por
defecto, ver O*E2 y métrica 1)
Borde>
Ejemplo para reducir la tabla de enrutamiento (no soportado en Packet
Tracer con OSPF)
Por defecto OSPF no sumariza, con este comando se
fuerza a una sumarización manual.
Borde(config)#router
ospf 1
Borde(config-router)#summary-address
10.254.0.0 255.255.0.0 (ejemplo para este nodo)
Borde(config-router)#end
Borde#
Gateway>sh ip route (verificación)
Codes: C - connected, S -
static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter
area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type
2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E -
EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia -
IS-IS inter area
* - candidate
default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is
200.0.0.1 to network 0.0.0.0
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 43 subnets, 3 masks
C 10.0.0.0/24 is directly connected,
FastEthernet0/0 (red backbone)
O 10.2.0.0/16 [110/2] via 10.0.0.2,
00:01:03, FastEthernet0/0 (redes de Hernán Mattei)
O 10.3.0.0/16 [110/2] via 10.0.0.3,
00:17:21, FastEthernet0/0 (redes de Mariano Andrés)
O 10.4.1.0/16 [110/2] via 10.0.0.4,
00:12:34, FastEthernet0/0 (redes de Nicolás Marelli)
O 10.5.1.0/16 [110/2] via 10.0.0.5,
00:11:53, FastEthernet0/0 (redes de Diego Ortolano)
O 10.6.0.0/16 [110/2] via 10.0.0.6,
00:07:20, FastEthernet0/0 (redes de Alejandro
Purrello)
O 10.254.0.0/16 [110/2] via 10.0.0.254,
00:15:14, FastEthernet0/0 (redes de Ernesto
Vilarrasa)
200.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 200.0.0.0 is directly connected,
FastEthernet0/1
S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 200.0.0.1 (red por defecto)
Configuración del router de backbone:
Gateway#sh runn
Building configuration...
Current configuration :
741 bytes
!
version 12.4
!
hostname Gateway
!
enable secret 5
$1$mERr$9cTjUIEqNGurQiFU.ZeCi1 (class)
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 200.0.0.2 255.255.255.252
!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 (red
backbone)
default-information originate (publica
ruta por defecto)
!
ip classless
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
200.0.0.1 (ruta por defecto)
!
line vty 0 4
password cisco
login
line vty 5 15 (permite mas de 10 conexiones Telnet extra)
password cisco
login
!
end
Gateway#
Configuración del router de borde de la red
10.254.x.x:
Borde#sh runn
Building configuration...
!
hostname Borde
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 10.254.0.1 255.255.255.248
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 10.0.0.254 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
network 10.254.0.0 0.0.0.7 area 0 (red
de core del nodo 254)
network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 (red
backbone)
!
ip classless
!
end
Borde#
Configuración de los otros routers de la red
10.254.x.x:
Router1#sh runn
Building configuration...
Current configuration :
612 bytes
!
version 12.4
!
hostname Router1
!
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 10.254.0.2 255.255.255.248
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 10.254.2.1 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
network 10.254.0.0 0.0.0.7 area 0
network 10.254.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
ip classless
!
end
Router2#sh runn
Building configuration...
Current configuration :
612 bytes
!
version 12.4
!
hostname Router2
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 10.254.0.3 255.255.255.248
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 10.254.3.1 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
network 10.254.0.0 0.0.0.7 area 0
network 10.254.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
ip classless
!
end
Router2#
Router3#sh runn
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 612
bytes
!
version 12.4
!
hostname Router3
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 10.254.0.4 255.255.255.248
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 10.254.4.1 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
network 10.254.0.0 0.0.0.7 area 0
network 10.254.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
ip classless
!
end
Router3#
Router4#sh runn
Building configuration...
Current configuration :
710 bytes
!
version 12.4
!
hostname Router4
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 10.254.0.5 255.255.255.248
!
interface Serial0/0/0
ip address 10.254.5.1 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
network 10.254.0.0 0.0.0.7 area 0
network 10.254.5.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
ip classless
!
end
Router4#sh ip ospf
neighbor (este router es BDR ya que es 10.254.5.1 (2da
IP mas alta))
Neighbor ID Pri
State Dead Time Address Interface
10.254.0.1 1
FULL/DROTHER 00:00:32 10.254.0.1 FastEthernet0/0
10.254.6.1 1
FULL/DR 00:00:32 10.254.0.6 FastEthernet0/0 (IP mas alta)
10.254.2.1 1
FULL/DROTHER 00:00:32 10.254.0.2 FastEthernet0/0
10.254.3.1 1
FULL/DROTHER 00:00:32 10.254.0.3 FastEthernet0/0
10.254.4.1 1
FULL/DROTHER 00:00:32 10.254.0.4 FastEthernet0/0
10.254.7.1 0
FULL/ - 00:00:32 10.254.5.2
Serial0/0/0 (no hay DR ni BDR al ser serie)
Router4#
Router5#sh runn
Building configuration...
Current configuration :
832 bytes
!
version 12.4
!
hostname Router5
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 10.254.7.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial0/0/0
ip address 10.254.5.2 255.255.255.0
clock rate 2000000
!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
network 10.254.7.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 10.254.5.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
ip classless
!
end
Router5#sh ip ospf nei
Neighbor ID Pri
State Dead Time Address Interface
10.254.5.1 0
FULL/ - 00:00:33 10.254.5.1
Serial0/0/0 (vía Serial, no hay DR ni BDR)
Router5#
Router6#sh runn
Building configuration...
Current configuration :
612 bytes
!
version 12.4
!
hostname Router6
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 10.254.0.6 255.255.255.248
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 10.254.6.1 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
network 10.254.0.0 0.0.0.7 area 0
network 10.254.6.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
ip classless
!
end
Router6#
Bug del Packet Tracer ? encontrado por Alejandro
Purrello:
PC>ipconfig
IP
Address......................: 10.6.1.2
Subnet Mask.....................:
255.255.255.0
Default
Gateway.................: 10.6.0.1 (está en otra
red, por lo tanto esta IP se alcanzaría a través de
un
default gateway....no ? es contradictorio)
PC>ping 10.6.3.2 (ping hacia fuera de la red)
Pinging 10.6.3.2 with 32
bytes of data:
Reply from 10.6.3.2:
bytes=32 time=125ms TTL=126 (llega !!!!)
Reply from 10.6.3.2:
bytes=32 time=125ms TTL=126
Reply from 10.6.3.2:
bytes=32 time=94ms TTL=126
Reply from 10.6.3.2: bytes=32
time=125ms TTL=126
Ping statistics for
10.6.3.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip
times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 94ms, Maximum = 125ms, Average = 117ms
PC>
(2012) Networking wants kill your brain
Rosario, Argentina